Ethics in Public Administration and Policy Study on Embezzlement Research Paper

Ethics in Public Administration and Policy Study on Embezzlement Behavior among Public Administrators - Research Paper Example Ethics in Public Administration and Policy Study on Embezzlement Behavior among Public Administrators This study must adopt this technique in order to achieve the intended outcomes. Government officials pertaining to the emerging or developing economies are often found to complain of insufficient compensation schemes and financial packages. The payment schemes of the government officials of such countries are formulated in terms of market rates owing to which the officials in public concerns of emerging economies are subjected to low pay scales. In Cambodia, Public Officials depend on rampant misappropriation of funds for their own private use. Again, ethical and legislative standards in such regions being weaker in nature like absence of proper laws to combat corruption contribute to the further escalation of the problem. Public officials usually engage in embezzlement on an individual basis without third-party intervention. Embezzlement behavior of government officials bears a strong relationship to the low salary payments provided to them that, in turn, fails to support their living conditions in this cost-driven economy (Myint, 2000). Further, the embezzlement behavior of these government officials is found to create potential impacts on the economy of the emerging economies thereby increasing their internal and external debt and similarly deteriorating economic and social structure. This is one of the factors that enhanced embezzlement.... Experimental design is appropriate for this study to collect data to identify the aspect of low salary that contributes to the behavior of embezzlement of funds among public administrators. This research design provides a blueprint of the process that facilitates the investigator to maintain control over the entire factors that may influence the outcome of an experiment. Embezzlement of funds among public administrators is financial fraud and to derive intended outcomes, the study must adopt this method. Experimental Research is frequently used where there is priority in time in a causal relation or if there is reliability in a causal relation and the magnitude and extent of the correlation is significant. Indeed, ethical leadership is public administration, and policy has a mandate to uphold objectives and organizational culture for the need of improving performance. Primary research can be done either through interviews or by sending or handling out questionnaires to the intended a udience. The current research envisages a research into a topic of public interest, and its findings are expected to be used as a remedial measure to address an issue of common interest. This will assist in curbing the tendency of embezzlement in the official and restore the trust of the public in them. Questionnaire: Collecting data through questionnaires is a common method in research. It encompasses a process of framing questions, the answers which can provide relevant information to the research questions. In this particular research, this design will help in obtaining direct information from public officials as well as those who have fell victims to any misappropriation by them. Interview Method: Conducting an interview with a sample population is the process through

Key facts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key facts - Assignment Example The second step is to determine the key elements of the cause of action that is raised by the facts of case. The third step is to outline all the facts of the case that are important to the elements of action raised in the second step. The fourth and final step is to outline which of the facts listed satisfy the key elements of the cause of action to be discussed in a court of law. There are three steps used in indentifying the facts in a court opinion. The first step involves reading the entire case having in mind what was decided in regards to what facts of the case were. The second step is to read and analyze the holding of the case. This helps to understand how the court answered the legal questions raised on the facts of the case. The last step is analyzing the key facts used to make the holding of the case (Albright & Putman, 2013). Police in Burbank initiated surveillance on Leon after receiving confidential information that they were selling cocaine and investigation earlier showed that he stored a stash of methaqualone in his house. After a search Leon was indicted by a grand jury in California and charged with drug trafficking. The court granted a motion to suppress evidence arguing it was defective due to the warrant and lack of probable cause. On Appeal, the government argued that the police acted on good faith when using the defective warrant. The court of appeal affirmed trial court decision and declined the government argument of good faith. Reasoning: The exclusionary rule was a judicial act not a constitutional right that safeguards the Fourth Amendment. It deters police from misconduct and abuse. However, a police who acts with a defective warrant in good faith cannot be held for misconduct. There lacks basis when evidence is suppressed when they relied in good faith using a defective search

Role Model Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role Model Review - Essay Example Money and Career For Bill Gates, his profound and innate passion for computers actually made him decide to drop out from Harvard to possibly pursue a career in law. This same drive for computers, particularly software development, catapulted him to fame and fortune. Being pegged as the second wealthiest man by Forbes in 2010, Bill Gates was revealed to have a net worth of $53 billion (Kroll & Miller, 2010). His life manifested an entrepreneurial spirit focusing on doing things that he loved the most. In so doing, his efforts were repaid in multitudes. According to Net Industries (2011), â€Å"Gates’ competitive drive and fierce desire to win have made him a powerful force in business, but have also consumed much of his personal life. In the six years between 1978 and 1984 he took a total of only two weeks’ vacation† (Net Industries, 2011, par. 12). Sexuality, Family and Friends Information about views on sexuality was revealed in Top Synergy (2003) as quoted: â⠂¬Å"Bill's emotional life seems to be overly intense and his sexuality is very strong. Bill Gates is likely to make many demands of his partner and he has to guard against possessiveness, jealousy and a tendency to force someone to love him† (Top Synergy, 2003, par. 7). ... . "I think we've got the right set-up for them. They have a lot of close friends... they have a lot of close family. I think we're doing the best we can at providing them with a normal environment" (Stritof, 2011, par. 23). Bill Gates, from an interview by David Allison of the National Museum of American History revealed his close friends as school friend, Paul Allen, Steve Ballmer, and Kazuhiko Nishi, from Japan (Bill Gates Interview, n.d.). Suffering and Death Spouses Bill and Melinda Gates, through their foundation, seek to alleviate poverty, improve the health of people from diverse cultural orientation hoping to minimize the incidents of suffering and death. As averred, their program on â€Å"the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases is working to end global suffering and death from neglected tropical diseases by expanding access to low-cost and proven treatments. While most of these diseases have little name recognition in industrialized countries, together they cause severe disability in the world's poorest countries and result in billions of dollars of lost productivity. The new grant announced today aims to end the suffering of more than 1.4 billion people worldwide who live on less than $1.25 per day† (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2009, par. 4). Comparison to Christianity According to Stritof (2011), â€Å"Melinda is Catholic. Bill's family was Congregationalist† (par. 17). In the website Jesus is Savior, David Frost who interviewed Bill Gates in 1995 revealed that â€Å"I'm not somebody who goes to church on a regular basis.   The specific elements of Christianity are not something I'm a huge believer in.   There's a lot of merit in the moral aspects of religion.   I think it can have a

Criminal Law U5IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Law U5IP - Research Paper Example in interstate commerce through a pattern of racketeering activity; 3) participating in the conduct of a business engaged in interstate commerce through a pattern of racketeering activity, and 4) conspiring to violate any of the above (section 1962). In order for a RICO claim to succeed the plaintiff must show that the conduct of the enterprise or business is through a pattern of activity connected to racketeering. Prior to the enactment of the RICO Act it was difficult to combat racketeering activities (Batista 2007). It was only possible to convict lower ranking members in the rackets as they were directly involved in illegal activities. This meant that racketeering activities still affected businesses and the economy as the higher ranking members were harder to prosecute since they were not directly connected with the illegal activities. The RICO Act provides prosecutors with a tool to fight organized crime (McNeill 2009). The RICO Act is remarkably effective in combating organized crime as it does not require proving that the suspect committed an illegal act but rather that the individual owns or manages an enterprise that regularly conducts an illegal activity prohibited by the Act (Batista 2005). The RICO Act is given a ve ry wide interpretation, and as such legal issues will always arise out of its interpretation and application. The RICO criminal defense practice will, therefore, remain relevant as long as the Act is in use. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), Title IX of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, Pub. L. No. 91-452, 84 Stat. 941 (Oct. 15, 1970), codified at 18 U.S.C. Ch. 96,

Kingdom of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kingdom of God - Essay Example One of the major messages that were sent by Christianity focuses on the afterlife of the believers. That is why it is important to explore the concept of Kingdom of God. First of all, one should note that it is not observable (Luke 17:20). In other words, it is not same particular part of the physical world. Another point that should be mentioned is that the Kingdom of God marks a new age in the development of the world. For example, in Luke 16:16 it is suggested that preaching of the new Gospel reflected the transition from old Jewish centered faith to new, international one. So, the actual appearance of the Kingdom will be a major event in the history of humanity. In Mark 10:15 it is stated that if people want to enter the Kingdom of God they should have a child like faith. This is particularly important since it suggests that many people should work on themselves to develop this kind of faith. It is quite obvious that one of the major characteristics of Kingdom of God is love which is the concept that is promoted by Jesus Christ (Mark 12:32). All this results in the understanding that the Kingdom will be based on Christian ideas. Finally, Kingdom of God will come to the Earth unexpectedly, as it was depicted in the parable of Ten Virgins (Matthew 25: 1-13). This means that people should be aware that every minute might be the last and act accordingly: refrain from sinning in order to get into the Kingdom of God.

Case study Internal Control, LJB Company Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Control, LJB Company - Case Study Example The report must explain the effectiveness of the internal control procedures and mechanisms of the company during the most current fiscal year. Some of controls areas that the SEC expects companies to cover include fraud prevention, risk assessment, and accounting procedures. SOX also includes a clause that stipulates that major executive managers of public companies, including the CEO, must sign the quarterly and annual financial statements assuring they are free of material error and fraud. If fraud is detected in the financial information, the CEO could be liable up to 25 years in prison (Whitecollarfirm, 2011). LBJ Company is doing some things well. The controller is a valuable asset to the business. The company uses multiple processes that are needed to have good internal controls such as bank reconciliations and asking for a written explanation if an employee uses the petty cash account. The petty cash process can be improved by asking the employees for a receipt of the purchase. Further recommendations to the petty cash process will be mentioned in the next paragraph. In terms of fostering a good corporate culture, the managerial staff is showing loyalty, empowerment, and a belief in the employees. There are many internal control issues at LBJ Company. First, the accounting department is understaffed, which has the controller serving too many functions. This creates internal control deficiencies in the entire system. The controller should not be making purchases, receiving checks, or making bank deposits. Nobody is overseeing the work performed by the controller. I recommend the company hire two additional accountants for the department. The company also needs to raise the level of accountability and to verify the work of the department. This can be done by implementing two company audits twice a year to be performed by an independent auditor with CPA credentials. The

Internationalization in general and the internationalization of Essay

Internationalization in general and the internationalization of Universities in particular - Essay Example Both will continue, with firms increasing globalisation by responding to changing macro and operational markets to increase both efficiency and profits. The primary globalisation drivers are the loss of barriers between nations, allowing new trading relationships to develop and change driven by technology. During the early stages of globalisation, companies actively made the decision to globalise, and did so in small steps. It is now assumed that all firms will globalise unless they have a good reason not to (Yip, 2001, p.358). One of the main reasons for globalising, is the increasing rate of change in technology, especially the Internet. Even the smallest organisation can trade globally as long as they have an appropriate web site and can set up the appropriate supply chain for delivery to the customers. Yip also identified three main forms of multinational companies (MNCs): internationalist, federalist and global maximiser (ibid, pp.359-362). The federalist is the traditional MNC. The global maximiser uses pure strategy when formulating growth plans. For an SME deciding to internationalise, the internationalist strategy appears most suitable. An internationalist strategy is used by a company with a secure position within its home market/nation. Foreign activities are opportunistic rather than strategically planned and intended. The test, according to Yip, is whether or not the company could survive purely on the revenue and profit streams of the domestic business (ibid, p.359). This would also be an appropriate approach for a university seeking to expand overseas for the first time, although the use of the Internet and well-constructed, culturally appropriate learning materials with well-trained teaching staff might negate the need to physically expand overseas at all. Kaarna (2010) makes use of the internationalisation framework when considering whether â€Å"different theories for explaining the accelerated internationalisation† (p.556). He found, a s part of his initial investigations, other researchers’ work, undertaken in 2000-2003, identified two ways that enterprises attained international status by either starting as a global company or using multiple market entry modes simultaneously (ibid). Surprisingly he also identifies a study that found the use of theoretical models in peer-reviewed articles was evident in only 18% of them (32 out of 179 papers) (ibid, p.557). His research revealed that, despite its age, the internationalisation framework still held, some 34 years since its identification by Johnson and Vahlne in 1977 (ibid, p.560), although it is qualified by indicating that some of the underlying assumptions had changed, with new ideas being added based on other theories and models which, Kaarna claims, have enhanced â€Å"the understanding of [the] accelerated internationalisation phenomenon† (ibid). Other aspects affecting the increasing extent and pace of globalisation, are increasing amounts of i nvestment from companies seeking to set up operations in different countries. Restrictions are being reduced and/or removed to facilitate this, increasing the abilities of nations to import and export required goods and services (Hill, 2011, pp.12-13). Trade barriers have also been progressively reduced, although there are often threats of imposing tariffs and quotas when nations disagree with policies and approaches of other nations, resulting